The Resiliency of African-American Families free essay sample

This paper examines the ability of African-American families to exhibit resiliency can be understood through a consideration of their historical circumstances This paper examines African-American history and the values that this community has, despite their history of slavery, discrimination and poverty. It examines the communitys strong commitment to education, a strong work orientation, and sense of responsibility. This paper also includes a study of African-American resiliency that was developed by the author in order to find out what adversities African-Americans faced in the pursuit of their education. The results of this study were then analyzed, and compared to the findings of prior research done on the subject. The survey included questions about age; experiences of racism, or discrimination; family structure during childhood and who helped raise them; and motivating factor for staying in school. From the paper: As slaves, black children were informally adopted and raised by other people in their immediate community rather than nuclear family arrangements. We will write a custom essay sample on The Resiliency of African-American Families or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These extended family arrangements are still a prominent feature of contemporary African-American families and may be considered a major survival tool. The most important service provided by black kinship networks is support to single mothers, especially teen mothers. Hills research has revealed that kin provide a wide range of support to young single mothers, often enabling them to complete their education or to obtain a job. Finally, the religious beliefs and behavior are strengths that exist among African-American families. In his research, Hill found that 82 percent of black adults said that religion was very important in their lives.

Geography for Kids

Geography for Kids ThoughtCo includes a large collection of resources that are appropriate for children. This article provides easy access to the best of our resources for kids who are aspiring geographers, have a geography quiz coming up at school, or are part of a bee. Geography 101 As a starting point, Geography 101 provides a bunch of information about geography with links to articles all over ThoughtCo. Among others, youll find information on these topics: The definition of geography.The history of geography.The different branches and divisions of geography.Information on studying geography and working as a geographer. Preparing for the Geography Bee The National Geography Bee is for kids in the fourth through eighth grade. Kids can learn about the Bee and how to prepare. If your school is one of the 1,000 that participate in the Geography Bee, the information and links in this article can help your students prepare. All About Geography This article teaches kids some of the important basics of geography and answers questions such as these: What is geography?How does geography differ from geology?What do geographers do?How does one become a geographer? Basic Earth Facts This page for kids includes a listing of fun facts about the planet earth such as these: The size of the earth.The number of countries on our planet.The highest and lowest points on the surface of the earth.The age of the earth.And, more... Geography Quiz Think youre a geography expert? While this quiz might be a challenge to most kids, the true geographic fanatic will appreciate the challenge. Both kids and adults will test the depth of their geographic knowledge with these fifteen questions. U.S. State Capitals This is a great resource for kids who need to memorize the United States state capitals for their geography class. From Juneau (Alaska) to Augusta (Maine), youll find every capital along with population, education, and income information for each city.   Capitals of Every Country This listing is a great reference for kids studying the countries in geography class. Did you know that Yerevan is the capital of Armenia or that Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname? This article can help you brush up on your knowledge of important world cities. All About Physical Geography Physical geography is the branch of the science with which most people are familiar. It includes the study of  climates, flora, and fauna, the atmosphere, landscape features, erosion, and more. This article gives an overview of the physical geography and provides numerous links to further information. All About Cultural Geography Geography isnt all about mountains, bodies of water, and other physical features of the earth. With this article, youll learn about the human side of geography. Youll learn how languages, economics, governmental structures, and even the arts are connected to the physical features of our world. We hope these resources help you and your kids learn geography. Enjoy!

How To Solve Marketing Problems By Thinking Like A Startup

How To Solve Marketing Problems By Thinking Like A Startup You could probably name off a bajillion marketing problems in five minutes if I let you. The thing is,  you can solve a lot of those problems by thinking a little more like a startup and a lot less like a corporate company. Trust me on this. Its been a year and a half now since I became employee #5 at a then-one-year-old startup called . Before that, I was one of 2,000+ employees in a corporate company. Talk about a change of pace. What I used to do in seven  months in a corporate marketing team, I was now doing in three days. Literally. How To Solve Big #Marketing Problems By Thinking Like A StartupLooking back has been super eye-opening. And that curiosity got me  thinking: How is it possible that a startup with way less resources can create effective content more efficiently than a corporate company with seemingly endless resources? Answering  that question led me to analyze some of the biggest marketing problems  behind  prioritizing work, managing projects, and hitting deadlines. So here are the biggest truths corporate marketing teams could learn from a marketer in a startup to: Empower every member of your marketing team to become a rock star. Create content better and faster than ever before. Foster  a disruptive culture that publishes consistently and free of office bureaucracy. Its going to get deep here. Lessons learned from a year and a half of  #startup marketing.Problem #1: You  Need A Documented  Marketing  Strategy  Before You Start The thing that sucks right now:  Without publishing any content in the first place, that documented strategy of yours is just a big huge guess. Thats a lot of effort  you put into an internal document that doesnt  directly reach your audience. And that means theres absolutely no payout from it right now. :/ The  startup solution:  Start with clearly defined goal and a minimum viable plan. Give your team  a purpose and let them loose. Heres something for you to chew on: Some people  have a vested interest in selling you on all the reasons why you need a documented  strategy. Thats because that is the service they sell you through content marketing. Marketing plans are a nice  way to make you  feel like youve accomplished something without actually showing your audience the  value. Theres no way to literally know  if the strategy in your  plan will be successful or not. The truth is that you need to publish, analyze your success, and learn from your mistakes and successes to improve. In Poke The Box, Seth Godin advocates this idea  by writing: If you don’t ship, you actually haven’t started anything at all. At some point, your work has to intersect with the market. At some point, you need feedback as to whether or not it worked. Otherwise, it’s merely a hobby. In reality, you can start now by simply defining your  goal- the purpose- of what youd like to accomplish with content marketing. Then you can simply brainstorm the ways you could accomplish that goal, prioritize your project list, understand how youll measure success, and start creating content. Our co-founder, Garrett, constantly reminds all of us at that: The simplest approach is often the best place to start. So this isnt about creating content without strategy. Its that your strategy can be as simple as  focusing on inbound traffic to start because you cant convert readers who dont exist. You can use  survey data or blog comments to understand your audience without writing formal personas. You can prioritize your projects using an Evernote note and a few bullet points instead of investing in a professionally-designed strategic document that essentially carves your project  roadmap into stone without wiggle room to analyze what works and what doesnt. You can  improve your strategy as you analyze the results from the content you publish. Use the lean startup process to solve your #marketing problems.From there, look at your contents success or failure, learn from the data, and iterate. This concept is an applied theory from Eric Ries, who wrote  The Lean Startup. In that book, Eric mentions that startups can move faster with a simple, iterative process that helps your customers participate in building your product or service. It looks a bit like this: When you apply that concept to managing your marketing, it looks a bit like this: Focus on publishing content and iterating on what you know really works. The best time to start is now. Recommended Reading:  How To Track Your Marketing Objectives To Focus On Success Problem #2: Prevent Fires Instead Of Putting Them Out The thing that sucks right now: You feel like you need to take on every project you get asked to help out with. Its tough to say no to one-off projects when youre seen as a service center instead of a strategic part of your companys growth. In other words, you cant  complete strategic projects because emergencies  consume your work week. The startup solution: Rock an agile scrum and sprint process that prevents your team from being pulled off of your strategic projects because of someone elses lack of planning. Startups are known for being disruptive. One of the ways they make sure theyll ship on time is by following  agile processes that keep them 100% focused on projects that will  make a measurable difference. This process is often sprint planning combined with daily scrum meetings. And you can apply this same approach to your marketing: A scrum master, most likely you, assigns the team the complete list of projects theyll take on in a certain period of time. Thats usually the next two weeks. The team works together to agree on what projects will get done, when theyll be done, and how much  effort it will take. Once the team commits to the projects and deadlines, they will ship on time no matter what. When other hot projects come up, only the scrum master has the ability to stop or change projects in mid-sprint. That means that no one- not even your CEO- can steal time or take your team off the current sprint. That means your team stays focused while you plan the new requests into upcoming sprints.  That helps  everyone focus on  the right projects and gives you time to strategically determine which new projects to take on before you jump into  executing. Theres a saying Ive  seen around that goes something like this: Your lack of planning doesnt mean an emergency for me. Plan your work. Work your plan. Avoid the fire drills. Problem #3: But That Would Never Work Around Here And Projects Get Thrashed The Day Before Launch Heres a two-in-one for ya: The thing that sucks right now: You just read through the solution to problem #2 and you thought to yourself, Yeah, right! If I told our CEO that I wasnt going to complete her project first thing, shed be pissed. So the real problem is that you havent  gotten approval to manage your team your way without exceptions. The startup solution: Thrash your projects before you create them. Then get your sign-off- in writing if you have to- that youll ship  your way and on your deadline. Seth Godin has worked with huge corporate companies and came across this problem  a lot in his early professional life. His solution? Define the day youll ship. Youll publish on this day no matter what happens. Write down every single idea that could possibly funnel into your project. Get anyone involved who wants to be. Seth says, This is their big chance. Thrash and dream. Seth says, People focus on emergencies, not urgencies, and getting yourself (and them) to  stop working on tomorrows deadline and pitch in now isnt easy. Help your team decide what theyll create in the time frame available. Enter all of your ideas into a database. Then let everyone thrash your project before you even begin. Seth says, Make sure everyone understands that this is  the very last chance they have to make the project better. Create a blueprint of all the remaining ideas that will funnel into your project. Show the blueprint to the big wigs and ask, If I deliver what you approved, on budget and on time, will you ship it?' Dont move forward until you get your yes. Once you get your yes, build your project your way and ship on time. This process, as Seth outlines in Linch Pin, works well for both laying out how you want to manage your team (with sprints and the agile scrum process) and for managing single projects. Get approval- even if you have to get  something signed- then build. In their book, Sprint, Jake Knapp, John Zeratsky, and Braden Kowitz  explain that getting approval to create projects  that are on point from the start and end with a thrash-free process begin with  approval from a Decider. In this context, the Decider is someone who has  the potential to call shenanigans at the end of a project. So Jake and Co. went so far as to get written confirmation that their project would ship on time: In one sprint, the CEO send the design director an email that read, I hereby grant you all decision-making authority for this project. Absurd? Yes. Effective? Absolutely. This official power transfer added tremendous clarity While the process that Seth follows and the special design sprints that Jake and his team run are dramatically different, they have one thing in common: Get  approval, then work. Ship on time, every time. Problem #4.  Your Team Isnt Focused On The  Projects That Produce Repeatable, Measurable  Results The thing that sucks right now: You have so many things you could do, you have no idea how to prioritize them. To top it off, you have goals- like selling more- but you have no idea what specific projects are producing the best results and which ones you should stop doing. The startup solution: Concentrate  100% of  your resources on your 10x growth projects  and nothing else. I had the opportunity to listen to a  chief financial officer  speak about setting goals.  This guy talked about knowing your number, essentially saying: Everyone on your team should know  your goals and how they contribute to them. The only department  excluded from this is marketing. I remember getting super amped about becoming a data-driven marketer, and then being super disappointed by his last sentence. I even argued with the guy about it after he spoke! Its time to prove that #marketing is a revenue generator instead of a necessary cost center.The truth is, marketing can and should be very data driven. And every project should be measured against a clearly defined goal or you shouldnt do it. The first step is assessing what your gut is telling you is working, and understanding whats just a bunch of busywork. Create a list of all the projects you do on a regular basis, then ask yourself two simple questions: Is this on my to-do list simply because Ive always done it? What would happen if I stopped doing this project? From here, determine which projects are generating the biggest results toward your goals and replicate their success. Set up and track your goals for every project you take on with a tool like Google Analytics. Then simply stop doing the projects that are dead ends. Recommended Reading:  How To Boost Your Efficiency With A Content Strategy That Will Quadruple Your Results Problem #5: Your Content Approval Process  Needs An Approval Process The thing that sucks right now: The content you publish on a regular basis takes forever to finalize because you have too many people involved in your process. The startup solution: Give total publishing authority to your editor. Take everyone  involved in an approval process out of your workflow. Ive been loving a post from Jay Acunzo  ever since he published last year. Jay used to work at Google where he saw a pod structure applied to the sales team, and he  wrote about applying that same idea to a content marketing team. Heres a very memorable quote: team be huge, team be slow, team is gonna totally blow. So Jay advocates removing any unnecessary people from your process and focusing on three  key roles: Strategist: You, the person who has the vision, knows what to measure and how to do it, and plans the sprints your team will take on. Producer: The creative folks who actually make your content a reality. They turn strategy into assets. Marketer: The person who shares your content with the world. While you might have a few producers (lets say a writer, designer, or videographer), youll notice that Google doesnt focus on an approval person. The strategist- or editor- takes on that role by analyzing what works and what doesnt. Approval processes slow you down, make you miss your deadlines, and create a negative culture that feels like, They dont trust me. Use the steps from problem #3 to give yourself 100% control over what you create. Publish now, apologize later. Ask for forgiveness instead of approval.Empower your team to lead, make mistakes, fail fast, learn often, and repeat. Shooting for perfection is imperfect. Recommended Reading:  How To Rock A Content Development Process That Will Save You Tons Of Time Problem #6: Foster A Disruptive, Creative Culture The thing that sucks right now: Your company expects creatives to maintain status quo, work in a drab office, and show up from 8–5. Since youre a creative reading about marketing problems, you probably dont want to be doing whatever you should be doing right now. so does being  physically present in an office from  8–5 really make you more productive? The startup solution: Value diverse experiences and working styles. Look for team members who have more ambition than you. Dont track vacation time. Dont  demand that your team be omnipresent from  8–5 in the office. Jason Fried  gave one of the most popular TED Talks of all time: You know what Jason  found? Being present in an office does not necessarily equate to being productive. Go figure. Instead, look to build a team of people who have never fit in anywhere else. Find the misfits who just may work well together. Theyll be the ones who challenge the status quo to  create something you never thought was possible. So your designer wants to work from a coffee shop once in a while. Great. Your marketer needs to work from home because day care fell through. Fine. 4 p.m. on Friday rolls around and the team wants to share a beer together. Excellent. Thats actually been proven to increase creativity, by the way. Quit thinking theres a difference between work life and personal life. Its just one. And you choose to do what you do every day. Theres no difference between work and personal life. Its just one.Foster an environment that your team will love to come back to every morning. Respect their opinions and let them complete their work  the way that works best for them. After all, does it matter how things get done as long as you reach your goals together? What Are Your Marketing Problems? These were some of the marketing problems Ive experienced in the past and the ways Ive overcome them since joining . Id love to hear more about the challenges youre facing and your plans to resolve them. Let me know in the comments!

A race descrimination in the labor market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A race descrimination in the labor market - Essay Example Seeking to understand the particular employment challenges African-Americans face in the labor market, these scholars undertook an experiment which sought to discern whether or not potential employment candidates fared differently based upon race. The following is a brief overview of their study. Discrimination in the workforce affects people from all walks of life but as Bertrand & Mullainathan have shown, African-Americans face unique hurdles to their active employment in the United States today. Accordingly, job applicants with stereotypically sounding African-American names received â€Å"far fewer callbacks for each resume they send out† (Bertrand & Mullainathan 1,011). Seeking to understand the employment challenges facing African-Americans in the US labor market, these scholars do in fact find evidence to support their research claim. Aiming to explore differential treatment based upon race, these scholars interpret their findings to show that yes, racism, either real or latent, is prevalent in American society and can influence hiring decisions. Are the authors unbiased? No, but it is difficult to have researchers who are 100% unbiased and these scholars admit their initial assumptions prior to undertaking the research study. Bertrand & Mullainathan mention fr om the outset that â€Å"every measure of economic success reveals significant racial inequality in the U.S. labor market; compared to Whites, African-Americans are twice as likely to be unemployed and earn nearly 25% less when they are employed† (991). Thus, these scholars admit their preconceived notions and ideas and undertake a research study in order to understand whether such finding are warranted. What could the authors have done better? While their study is interesting and certainly relevant, it is not completely scientific. Accordingly, it is based upon

Administration Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Administration Law - Case Study Example In civil proceedings the question of what is a sufficient interest is a question of fact and degree taking into account all the circumstances of the case: R. v Inland Revenue Commissioners Ex p National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses Ltd [1982].Where a claimant is not directly affected by the action once the court is satisfied that (s)he is not simply a "meddlesome busybody"1 then it tries to balance the claimant's interest against the public importance of the issues and the remedy sought. The term 'interest' includes any connection between the claimant and the matter to which the claim relates. In R v Secretary of State for the Environment Ex p Rose Theatre Trust Ltd [1990] it was held that a desire to protect an historic site was not sufficient; only an unsuccessful applicant could appeal against a planning decision. Conversely the courts found a sufficient interest when a public spirited citizen sought judicial review of a serious public issue: R. v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Ex p Lord Rees-Mogg [1994].The Law Commission disapproved of the decision in the Rose Theatre case recommending that public interest applications be treated as having sufficient interest. ... We are therefore confident that BSS will be able to establish sufficient interest both within the context of vindicating the rule of law and that there is no other responsible challenger of the Home Secretary's decision. Having said this under CPR 54.17 the court has discretion to hear any person, which would allow the BSS to submit evidence on the issue, if not to actually commence the action for judicial review. (b) Generally judicial review is concerned with the lawfulness of the decision making process of public bodies to ensure that powers have not been abused or exceeded. BSS would have to establish that in reaching a decision the Home Secretary had erred in law in this manner. In Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] (the GCHQ case) Lord Diplock enumerated the categories under which judicial review might be sought: a) Illegality b) Irrationality c) Procedural impropriety or d) Further development on a case by case basis - particularly with regard to the principle of proportionality which will be important under Human Rights and EU administrative law. BSS could attempt to establish that the Home Secretary has acted illegally as he has misunderstood his powers under the law. For example we are told that BB has had two prison sentences each of which exceeded 9 months, and that by paragraph 9 of the Entry to the UK Rules, BB therefore would not normally be allowed admittance to the UK. The purpose of the rule seems to be to unequivocally exclude from this country persons who have been convicted anywhere of a criminal offences exceeding 9 months in duration. This would imply that the Home Secretary does not have discretion in the matter. However, we note that the Home

Race and Racial Group Essay Example for Free

Race and Racial Group Essay Search the Internet for groups and organizations promoting racial equality to help you complete this assignment. You may also refer to the Internet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups. Using the information from the text and your web search: Identify one racial group from the list below:  · Hispanic American/Latino Write a 500- to 750-word paper from one of the perspectives below:  · A historian writing about the racial group in a book chapter  · A news reporter writing a newspaper article or blog entry about the racial group  · An individual member of the racial group, writing a personal letter to a friend who is not a member of that racial group Answer the following questions:  · What have been the experiences of this racial group throughout U. S. history?  · What have been the political, social, and cultural issues and concerns throughout American history?  · What legislation meant to constrain race within prejudicial boundaries was enacted? How did the various groups you researched fight this legislation? What legislation meant to alleviate prejudicial boundaries has been enacted? How did the various groups you researched promote this legislation? Assignment: Historical Report on Race Purpose of Assignment Students explore a variety of resources on racial equality and write a paper from a historical perspective relating to the experiences of a particular racial group in the United States. By understanding the history of experiences of various groups, students will be better prepared to connect historical experience to racial diversity today. Resource Required Internet Resource Directory in Ch. 13 of Racial and Ethnic Groups.

An Inspector Calls :: essays research papers

The finale of An Inspector Calls brought cheers but most of all it brought about confusion. It was obvious this play wasn’t going to lay out a neat plot for the audience; it was going to be a play that stays in your mind for the next few days. The intriguing part of this play was, for once, everyone didn’t just wake up, bleary-eyed to give the cast a meaningless clap. When I looked around, I saw people I would have pegged for being gone before the lights had dimmed, actually paying attention, and even more surprising, struggling after the play to comprehend the meaning. Inspector Goole’s role was clearly to make this family aware of the impact of seemingly trivial things they did in life. Sheila’s immediate reaction when she was at the store was to complain to the manager, but she realized how silly it was once Goole had pointed it out. Gerald and Eric saw messing around with â€Å"women of the town,† as they were kindly put, as merely a fun distraction, but Goole showed them how that led to pregnancy and how that can destroy a woman’s life. The husband and wife were so used to dismissing people in life that they didn’t think dismissing Eva Smith from a job and help, would matter anymore than anyone else they had brushed off. This was a family who simply acted with no conscience, and Goole was there to give them a conscience. Goole is right, â€Å"we are all responsible,† and this play served to teach their family, and the audience, a lesson. Every action we take in our lives is because of a choice we make, and we have to make sure those choices aren’t ones we are going to regret in years to come. Whether we are making fun of the autistic boy down the street, or making racist jokes, it is ultimately ourselves that we have to look in the mirror each day at and realize what we have done in our lifetime. The end of the play was ambiguous and it left the audience craving a clear and understandable ending. Were there more girls than just Eva Smith? Was Inspector Goole real? What really was real? Some people thought Goole was a spirit that had come to foretell the future, others thought there were multiple girls in the pictures, while a few thought it was the same girl just in a different pose.

A Critical Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Disabled Essay

Wilfred Owen, a Soldier Poet who spent time in several military hospitals after being diagnosed with neurasthenia, wrote the poem â€Å"Disabled† while at Craiglockhart Hospital, after meeting Seigfried â€Å"Mad Jack† Sassoon. A look at Owen’s work shows that all of his famed war poems came after the meeting with Sassoon in August 1917 (Childs 49). In a statement on the effect the Sassoon meeting had on Owen’s poetry, Professor Peter Childs explains it was after the late-summer meeting that Owen began to use themes dealing with â€Å"breaking bodies and minds, in poems that see soldiers as wretches, ghosts, and sleepers† (49). Disabled,† which Childs lists because of its theme of â€Å"physical loss,† is interpreted by most critics as a poem that invites the reader to pity the above-knee, double-amputee veteran for the loss of his legs, which Owen depicts as the loss of his life. An analysis of this sort relies heavily on a stereotypical reading of disability, in which â€Å"people with disabilities are more dependent, childlike, passive, sensitive, and miserable† than their nondisabled counterparts, and â€Å"are depicted as pained by their fate† (Linton, 1998, p. 5). See more: how to write a good critical analysis essay Such a reading disregards not only the subject’s social impairment, which is directly addressed by Owen, but it also fails to consider the constructed identity of the subject, as defined by the language of the poem. A large reason for the imposition of pity comes from the pen of Owen, himself, who wrote that the chief concern in his poetry is â€Å"War, and the pity of War. The poetry is in the pity† (Kendall, 2003, p. 30). Owen’s pity approach to poetry succeeded in protesting the war because it capitalized on human losses. Adrian Caesar makes it very clear that the experience of war was Owen’s reason for joining. Even after being hospitalized for neurasthenia, Owen chose to return to France because he knew his poetry had improved due to his experience in the trenches (Caesar, 1987, p. 79). Whatever the case, Owen had neurasthenia, or shell shock, a mental disability. â€Å"Disabled,† which is about a veteran with a physical disability, should be viewed as an observation, and when the poem is closely examined, it can be seen to present a myth of disability rather than a realistic depiction. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, a renowned literary critic in the field of Disability Studies, states that literary representation of disability has consistently marginalized characters with disabilities, which in turn facilitates the marginalization of actual people with disabilities. More often than not, writes Garland-Thomson, disability is utilized for its â€Å"rhetorical or symbolic potential† (1997, p. 15). When the reader considers Owen’s quote about pity, taken along with his intent to protest the war, the disabled subject of his poem becomes little more than a poster-child for pacifism. Moreover, Owen’s treatment of the subject exemplifies Garland-Thomson’s conclusion that â€Å"When one person has a visible disability . . . it almost always dominates and skews the normate’s process of sorting out perceptions and forming a reaction† (p. 12). The normate, or the nondisabled person, brings to the text a whole set of cultural assumptions, on which Owen depends, to leave the reader believing war is futile and not worth the cost in human lives and injuries. My purpose is not to argue to the contrary; I am not examining the value of war, but the devaluation of the disabled figure in Owen’s poem. Disabled† consists of seven stanzas, which Daniel Pigg breaks down into five vignettes, representing the soldier’s life. The first vignette, or first stanza, according to Pigg, â€Å"sets the stage for understanding this alienated figure that [the poet] observes† (1997, p. 92). Already the reader finds that the speaker occupies a privileged position, because he has no first-hand experience of what it is like to be an amputee and is merely an observer. The speaker sees a â€Å"legless† man, â€Å"waiting for dark,† dressed in a â€Å"ghastly suit of gray† (Lines 1-3). This pathetic image proffered to the reader creates a relationship based on pity, meaning that the reader places a high value on his functioning body while devaluing the losses of the subject. â€Å"Waiting for dark† could be interpreted as waiting for death, and the â€Å"ghastly suit of gray† may as well be the vestige of a ghost. The subject, who is seated near a window, hears male children at play in the park, â€Å"saddening† him until sleep â€Å"mothered† the voices from him (Lines 4, 6). The reader is to assume, as Owen has assumed, that the subject is saddened by memories of times past, when he, too, would play in the park with the other boys. So is the reader to assume that â€Å"play and pleasure after day† (Line 5) are no longer available to the subject? The end of the first stanza invites the reader to accept the subject as being dependent and child-like, as sleep â€Å"mothered† him from the voices. Owen has effectively molded his subject into a convincing Other, a man near death and halfway into the grave. The second vignette, or the second stanza, delves into the subject’s past, when he was nondisabled. As a contrast to the first stanza, where the language and imagery is bleak and foreboding, the second stanza begins with colorful images of the town, before the subject acquired his injury. However, the jubilee is short-lived as the reader is soon thrust back into the subject’s present reality, after he â€Å"threw away his knees† (Line 10). In this line the reader becomes aware that the subject feels a certain amount of guilt and self-acknowledgment in the role he has played in the loss of his legs. But before exploring the subject’s motives for joining the war, the reader is treated again to Owen’s dreary outlook on the veteran’s life. This time, the discussion is centered on women and how the subject will no longer be able to enjoy their presence or company, for girls now â€Å"touch him like some queer disease† (Line 13). Pigg’s analysis of the word â€Å"queer† is worth noting because he uses it as an example of the subject’s social displacement. It is in the second stanza that the reader is first encouraged to consider not just the physical impairment, but the social impairment of the subject. Pigg shows that early usage of the word â€Å"queer† to denote homosexuality began officially in a 1922 document written by the government. Based on this finding, Pigg assumes that the word could have been known and used by popular culture as early as 1917, when Owen’s poem was penned (1997, p. 91). Pigg claims that Owen’s use of the term illustrates a â€Å"loss of potential heterosexual contact,† while at the same time expressing that â€Å"society has made him what he has become . . . the use of the concept in the poem makes one more aware of oppression in a society that has brought the soldier to this state† (p. 1). Even though Pigg analyzes the social construction of the subject’s identity, he limits his discussion to society’s role in pressuring the soldier to join the war and not with the systematic oppression of disability, the result of the subject joining the war. However, this subject is best represented by Owen’s final two stanzas. In the next section of the poem, Owen reiterates the format of the previous stanza by giving the reader a glimpse of the subject’s â€Å"normal† life, before becoming an amputee, when his youth and vitality were admired by an artist. Very quickly the reader is transported back to the veteran’s present situation. This juxtaposition of normal/abnormal within the stanzas â€Å"forces an ‘us and them’ division† between the reader and the subject (Linton, 1998, p. 23). The remembrances of the subject offer an illustration of a typical life with which the reader can relate, which is then placed next to lines of the poem that offer a picture of what Owen would hope the reader to define as a horrible existence worse than death. The subject, which is an actual person, becomes Owen’s mascot for the anti-war effort. The next three stanzas of the poem discuss the subject’s reasons for entering the war. Again, Pigg offers an interesting interpretation of this section of the poem. According to Pigg, the subject joins the war in an effort to create an identity for himself, an identity which is ultimately based on a lie about his age. In lines 21-29, the subject reminisces about the time he decided to join the war and tries to pinpoint which intoxication lead him to such a decision: a victorious football game, a brandy and soda, or the â€Å"giddy jilts†? In each case there is an overabundance of ego involved; the subject seeks to capitalize on his ephemeral successes and perpetuate them as long as possible. In joining the war, he sees a way to do this, because society identifies those who go to war as heroes and those who do not as less than men. The subject decides it is a girl named Meg he tried to impress, then says â€Å"Aye . . . to please the giddy jilts† (Line 27). A â€Å"jilt† is a capricious woman, a woman who is unpredictable and impulsive. Owen’s point here is to allow the reader omniscient knowledge of the subject and his belief that the girls will love you for going to war, but if you return with a substantial injury, they become uninterested. This suggests that the girls are more interested in the idea of the soldier, the perfect body, as opposed to the reality of the soldier. Lines 30-36 further explain the subject’s reasons for enlistment, stating that they were not because of an interest in foreign affairs, but for the superficial benefits of joining the military. Owen then inserts a small, three-line stanza as a transition from the subject’s memories to his current status. Again, the reader is jarred by the juxtaposition of the normal and the abnormal. Instead of receiving a hero’s welcome, the subject is patronized by his own memories of what he had imagined his return to England would be like: â€Å"Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal† (Line 37). The irony re-enlists the help of pity, as the reader is encouraged to feel sorry for the subject’s decision and subsequent loss. Owen’s purpose is to show that those who return from the war injured are pitied for their loss, rather than being honored for their sacrifice. The final stanza of the poem completes the circle that brings the reader back to the subject’s self-dissolution. He has accepted society’s estimation of his worth, or lack thereof, and has resigned himself to â€Å"spend a few sick years in institutes/ and do what things the rules consider wise† (Lines 40-41). The passive young veteran has acquiesced his life without a fight, but will continue to follow the orders of a society that deems him as invalid. He has officially become disabled, in every sense of the word. The subject has assumed his role as an object of pity and is ready to take whatever pity â€Å"they may dole,† â€Å"they† being the nondisabled (Line 42). Before the poem ends, though, Owen returns the reader yet again to the â€Å"giddy jilts† and their capricious desires, as their eyes avoid the subject’s changed body to look at the men who are still â€Å"whole,† suggesting it was not just the soldier they were interested in, but the idealized standard of beauty (Line 44). Here, the reader is expected to remember the subject’s reasons for joining the military. The subject’s concern with maintaining a nadir of masculinity and sexual attraction is ironically juxtaposed with his total loss of sexuality, which Owen implies is a total loss of identity, except as a spectacle and object of pity. The poem ends with the speaker’s frantic plea, â€Å"How cold and late it is! Why don’t they come/ And put him into bed? Why don’t they come? † (Lines 45-46). The speaker epitomizes the nondisabled person’s fear over lack of control of their own bodies and fates. The speaker realizes that he could just as easily be in he position of the subject, and with this knowledge the speaker agonizes over his own projected fears: the cold, desolate, and lonely life of the subject. We will never know the subject’s reality, for Owen has locked him into an eternal battle with despair. Owen uses â€Å"compassionate imagination† to establish a link between the soldier and the civilian in an effort to express the abominable losses that come as a result of war (Norgate, 1987, p. 21). Unfortunately, in so doing Owen magnifies the inferior role disability occupies in society, rather than calling it into question. That which has been given up and that which has been taken away subsumes the identity of the subject. Owen’s one-dimensional representation of disability ignores the will to survive and make the most of the opportunities offered by life, in whatever form it may take. Thompson writes, â€Å"As physical abilities change, so do individual needs, and the perception of those needs† (14). In â€Å"Disabled,† Owen does not allow for change and does not offer the hope of a fulfilling life. Instead, he delivers a scathing portrait of physical and social disablement in early 20th-century England.

Air Asia

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT (PMS 3393) ‘AIR ASIA’ Prepared by: Ahmad Izzuddin Bin Ahmad Zamri (4102005781) HaslindaBinti Ismail (4092008911) MohdAzuan Bin MohdAbdKadir (4102008091) Muhammad Khairil Anwar Bin Othman (4102004441) Nur An-NisaBintiRahmat (4071032881) SitiAisyahBintiMohdYusoff( 4102001031) SitiKhajirahBinti Abdul Aziz (4092008931) Prepared for: Dr. HafsahBinti Ahmad Submission Date: 22nd November 2012 Table of Content Acknowledgement1 Introduction2 History3 The Vision, Mission Statement and Objective5 Value Strategy6 Business Model8 Competitive Advantages10 AirAsia Assumption12SWOT Analysis13 The Air Asia 5 Forces Porter Model16 Air Asia Market Segments19 Five Years Financial Highlights22 Appendix24 References25 Acknowledgement Alhamdulillah. Thanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willingness has giving us the opportunity to successfully complete this Strategic Management assignment. First of all, we would like to express our special thank to Dr. HafsahBinti Ahmad, a le cturer of Strategic Management who had guided us and also provide a lot of information regarding our assignment from beginning to the end of the semester and also the valuable advices that he gave to us during our lectures.We are really appreciating it. Deepest thanks and appreciation to our parents, family and all fellow friends for their cooperation, encouragement, constructive suggestion and full of support for the assignment completion, from the beginning till the end. Without the help and guidance from all of you, it will be difficult for us to complete this assignment. Thank you. 1. 0 Introduction Air Asia is a Malaysian-based low-cost airline. Air Asia is Asia's largest low-fare, no-frills airline and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia.Air Asia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Its affiliate airlines Tha i Air Asia, Indonesia Air Asia, Air Asia Philippines and Air Asia Japan have hubs in Suvarnabhumi Airport, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Clark International Airport and Narita International Airport respectively. Air Asia's registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. 1. 1 HistoryAirAsia was established in 1993 and began operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom. On 2 December 2001 the heavily-indebted airline was bought by former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandes's company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit (about USD 0. 26 at the time) with USD 11 million (MYR 40 million) worth of debts. Fernandes turned the company around, producing a profit in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional fares as low as MYR 1 (USD 0. 7). In 2003, AirAsia ope ned a second hub at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru near Singapore and launched its first international flight to Bangkok. AirAsia has since started a Thai subsidiary, added Singapore itself to the destination list, and started flights to Indonesia. Flights to Macau began in June 2004, and flights to mainland China (Xiamen) and the Philippines (Manila) in April 2005. Flights to Vietnam and Cambodia followed later in 2005 and to Brunei and Myanmar in 2006, the latter by Thai AirAsia.On August 2006, AirAsia took over Malaysia Airlines’ Rural Air Service routes in Sabah and Sarawak, operating under the Fly Asian Xpress brand. The routes were subsequently returned to MAS wings a year later, citing commercial reasons. Air Asia's CEO Tony Fernandes subsequently unveiled a five-year plan to further enhance its presence in Asia. Under the plan, Air Asia proposes to strengthen and enhance its route network by connecting all the existing cities in the region and expanding fu rther into Vietnam, Indonesia, Southern China (Kunming, Xiamen, Shenzhen) and India.The airline will focus on developing its hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta through its sister companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia. With increase frequency and the addition of new routes, AirAsia expects passenger volume to reach 18 million by the end of 2007 On 27 September 2008, the company had on its list 106 new routes to be added to its then-current list of 60. The number of old routes discontinued has not been publicly disclosed. On 2 April 2012 Air Asia had their first flight from Sydney to Kuala Lumpur.In August 2011, AirAsia agreed to forge an alliance with Malaysian Airlines by means of a share swap. The alliance was struck down by the Malaysian government, in effect voiding the agreement of both airlines. 2. 0 The Vision, Mission Statement and Objective The Vision To be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connecti vity and high fares. The Mission Statement †¢ To be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family. †¢ Create a globally recognized ASEAN brand. To attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with Air Asia. †¢ Maintain the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce cost and enhance service level. Future Objective for AirAsia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-based AirAsia has recently announced in a press conference that they intend to purchase an additional twenty-five aircraft. The purchase is the second this year for the airline and fourth since the 2005. The purchase agreement is for 25 Airbus A320 series aircraft. This will bring the total A320 series aircraft operated by AirAsia to well over 200 aircraft.Air Asia group CEO Tony Fernades says at the press conference that this purchase is an important step for Air Asia as it signifies their future aggressive route expansion plans in tandem to their expected traffic growth over the next decade. It also demonstrates their commitment to enhance AirAsia's position on the networks by incorporating the most modern and efficient aircraft in the market. The addition of aircraft will be used to add frequency across the route network and introduce new routes. AirAsia's introduction to the aviation industry as an innovator has grown to the extent it is now a leader that sets the benchmark to others. Also speaking at the press conference was Airbus CEO John Leahy. Leahy was very excited about this newest order and says that their company have been extremely proud to be part of AirAsia's outstanding success and delighted that the confidence in the A320 has resulted in the airline now becoming the largest airline customer for this aircraft in the world. With its unbeatable economics and enormous passenger appeal, he is confident that the large A320 fleet is destined to propel AirAsia to the forefront of industry in the years ahead. 2. 1 Value Strategy * SafetyAdop ting a zero tolerance to unsafe practices and strives for zero accidents through proper training, work practices, risk management and adherence to safety regulations at all times. * High Aircraft Utilization Air Asia implementing the regions fastest turnaround time at only 25 minutes and assuring the lower costs and higher productivity. * Low Fare, No Frills Providing guests with choice of customizing services without compromising on the quality and services. * Valuing their People Committing to their people’s development and well-being and treating them with respect, dignity and fairness. Customer Focused They care and treat everyone in the same manner that they want to be treated. * Lean Distribution System They also offer a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make booking and traveling easier. * Integrity Practicing highest standards of ethical behavior and demonstrate honesty in all their lines of work in order to command trust and mutual respect. * Exce llence in Performance Setting goals beyond the best and reinforcing high quality performance standards and achieving excellence through implementing best practices. 2. AirAsia Business Model 1. Low Cost Carrier A low cost carrier (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier) is an airline that offer low fares but eliminates all â€Å"non-essential† services. The typical low-cost carrier business model is based on: * A single passenger class * A single type of airplane (reducing training and services costs) * A simple fares scheme (typically fares increase as the plane fills up, rewards early reservations) * Free seating ( which encourages passengers to board early) * Direct, point to point flight with no transfer Flying to cheaper, less congested secondary airport * Short flights and fast turnaround times (allowing maximum utilization of planes) * â€Å"Free† in-flight catering and other â€Å"complimentary† services are eliminated, and replaced by optimal pai d-for-in-flight food and drink. 2. Simple Products A typical low cost airlines product is extremely basic. It focuses on getting passenger from point A to B, cutting all the â€Å"extras†. This means there are no meals, drinks and snacks served free on the board. In certain airlines, these may be purchased on request.The aircraft have Narrow seating to permit greater capacity. Low cost airlines offer all-economy flights with no additional space requirement for wider business class seating. This means more passengers can be accommodate on each sector. There are no facilities for seat allocations as this free-seating makes passenger’s board the flights early to get themselves a decent seat. The pricing structures of low cost airlines allow for no additional schemes or sales promotion activities, including frequent-flyers programmed. 3. PositioningThe low cost airlines the world over are known to target non-business passengers, leisure traffic and the price-conscious busi ness passenger segment. The low cost model works best on short-haul point-to-point traffic with high frequencies. These airlines have aggressive marketing strategies and complete with all transportation carriers, including the road and railway networks. Most western low cost airlines fly to secondary airports which are cheaper to land into. However, this is not yet option in India. 4. Low Operation CostsLow cost airlines have a very lean organization structure and operating costs are kept to the bare minimum with low wages (as crew/staff requirement are low and generally fresher’s are preferred), low airport fees, low cost for maintenance and cockpit training (as these are typically outsourced). There is no requirement for standby crews due to a homogeneous aircraft fleet. Low cost carriers aim at achieving high resource productivity. This is generally achieved due to short ground waits (as turnaround times are kept minimal due to simple boarding processes, no air freight, no hub services and short cleaning times).Selling cost is also minimized as high percentage (if not 100%) of ticket sales is generate online, eliminating the margin that would otherwise need to be passed on as commissions to travel agents. 2. 3 Competitive Advantages 2. 4AirAsia Assumption Assumption 1: it is assumed that AirAsia’s customers can still be satisfied and chose AirAsia’s services even if the company does not improve their customer service, as the level and factors of satisfaction differ amongst different customers.Mathematical, these three assumptions can be stated as: A3 = A2 + A1 Where A3 = Customer loyalty through improved services in AirAsia is dependent on; A2 = Customer (repurchase) behavior and; A1 = Customer satisfaction level based on previous experience. Assumption 2:  it is improvement of AirAsia’s customer services will result in improved customers satisfaction and preference for their services, but does not guarantee future repurchase i ntention, thus reducing the chances of customer retention and loyalty.Assumption 3: from the figure (3) above, it is assumed that an improvement in AirAsia’s customers services will enhance customers patronage (which can be measured by the number of repeat purchase and/or intention to repurchase) by improving customer’s experience with their services and enhancing their preference for AirAsia’s services compared to that of AirAsia’s competitors. 3. 0 SWOT Analysis Strengths * Air Asia has a very strong management team with strong links with governments and airline industry leaders.This is partly contributed by the diverse background of the executive management teams which consists of industry experts and ex-top government officials. For example, Shin Corp (formerly owned by the family of former Thai Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra) holds a 50% stake in Thai Air Asia. This has helped Air Asia to open up and capture a sizeable market in Thailand. With their strong working relationship with Airbus, they managed to get big discount for aircraft purchase which is also more fuel efficient compared to Boeing 737 planes which is being used by many other airlines. The management team is also very good in strategy formulation and execution. The strategy that they have formulated at the beginnings was a clever blend of proven strategies by other low cost airlines is US and Europe. They are Ryanair’s operational strategy (no frills, landing in secondary airport), Southwest’s people strategy (employee comes first) and Easyjet’s branding strategy (linking with other service providers like hotels, car rental). * AirAsia is the low cost leader in Asia. With the help of AirAsia Academy, AirAsia has successfully created a â€Å"low-cost airline mentality† among their workforce.The workforce is very flexible and high committed and very critical in making AirAsia the lowest cost airline in Asia. * The excellent ut ilization of IT have directly contributed to their promotional activities (email alerts and desktop widget which was jointly developed with Microsoft for new promotions), brand building exercise (with over 3 million hits per month and on the most widely surfed booking engines in the world) as well keep the cost low by enabling direct purchase of tickets by consumer thus saving on airline agent fees. Weaknesses Air Asia does not have its own maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility. It may be a good strategy when they first started with only Malaysia as the hub and few planes to maintain. But now, with few hubs (Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia) and over 100 planes currently owned and about another 100 planes to be received in the next few years, AirAsia have to ensure proper and continuous maintenance of the planes which will also help to keep the overall costs low. It is a competitive disadvantage not to have its own MRO facility. * AirAsia receives lot complaints from ustom ers on their service. Examples of complaints are around flight delays, being charged for a lot of things and not able to change flight or get a refund if customers could not make it. Good customer service and management is critical especially when competition is getting intense. Opportunities * There are 2 major events that are taking place now or going to take place in less than 6 months from now. First is the ever increasing oil price. Second is the â€Å"ASEAN Open Skies† agreement that has been reached. * The increasing oil price at the first glance may appear like a threat for AirAsia.But being a low cost leader, AirAsia an upper hand because its cost will be still the lowest among all the regional airlines. Thus, AirAsia has a great opportunity to capture some of the existing customers of full service and other low cost airline’s customers. However, there will be also some reduction in overall travel especially by casual or budget travelers. * There is also some opportunity to partner with other low cost airlines as Virgin to tap into their existing strengths or competitive advantages such as brand name, landing rights and landing slots (time to land). The population of Asian middle class will be reaching almost 700 million by 2010. This creates a larger market and a huge opportunity for all low cost airlines in this region including AirAsia. Threats * Certain rates like airport departure, security charges and landing charges are beyond the control of airline operators and this is a threat to all airlines especially low cost airlines which tries to keep their cost as low as possible. For example, Changi airport in Singapore charges SGD21 for every person who departs from Singapore. AirAsia’s profit margin is about 30% and this has already attracted many competitors. Most of the full service airlines have or planning to create a low cost subsidiary to compete directly with AirAsia. For example, Singapore Airlines has created a low cos t carrier Tiger Airways. * Users’ perception that budget airlines may compromise safety to keep costs low. 3. 1 The AirAsia 5 Forces Porter Model Internal Rivalry According to the geographic and product market, Lion Air, Batavia Air, Mandala Air, SriwijayaIndonesia and even Garuda Indonesia are Air Asia’s competitors.They also provide cheap prices andnumerous flight routes in South Asia. All these flight companies compete in price except GarudaIndonesia which has a different strategy. As consumer of Garuda, they will get a value-added. Air Asiaclaims that they have no Admin fees but in reality, there are many additional fees which don’t exist inother flight companies. Which is free for some companies is not for other ones. For instance, customers canspeak about booking seats fees or luggage fees. This is definitely the price dimension which matters onthis specific market.Thus the firms struggle on their costs. For instance Air Asia is well-known for theconsidera ble development of its Information Technology. Thanks to the considerable use of the IT, theyget low costs and are then able to offer low prices. In Asian developing countries, the middle class isgrowing up. This creates huge opportunities for the airlines. The companies will have to fight to get somemarket shares because customers are not loyal and switch easily from one company to another. Barriers to Entry Brand awareness is quite important in this industry.To enter this industry not only is requiredhigh capital but also brand image. Most of the time consumers choose the product or service they reallytrust. New entrants have to create brand loyalty by making huge investments to establish their reputation. The government legislation is one of the barriers for entering airlines industry. Therefore it isvery difficult getting a new flight route from the government. If Air Asia doesn’t get any more flight-routes, it may affect their profit because they need to extend their net work. Hopefully Air Asia has always been close to the governments in South Asia.For instance in Thailand, Shin Corp formerly owned by thefamily of former Thai Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, holds a 50% stake in Thai Air Asia. Thishelped Air Asia to open up and capture a sizeable market in Thailand. Government policies have limitednew entrances, which is a good thing for Air Asia because they are already settled on the market. Key inputs as technological know-how, raw materials, distribution or locations may also limit theaccess to the market. But when a company already established creates its own low cost firm, the key inputs are not a problem anymore.Tiger Airways which has been created by Singapore Airlines is one of the most dangerous competitors of Air Asia Supplier’s Power In airline industry, the power of suppliers is quite high. First there are only two major planessuppliers which are Airbus and Boeing. However both suppliers provide almost the same standardaircra fts, so that the possibility of consumers to switch is low. Moreover Air Asia ordered large amountsfrom Airbus in order to expand its routes to international routes. They built a strong relationship and Air Asia managed to get big discounts.Then Air Asia uses the fuel supplier (AVTUR) from Pertamina which prices are very sensitive. Itmay affect the ticket price. Moreover Air Asia, as Lion Air or Mandala, doesn’t use catering suppliers. They only offer snacks on flight and this is not for free. Lastly, Air Asia doesn’t have its ownmaintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility. If this was not a problem before when they only startedin Malaysia, now with three hubs and an important fleet of aircraft, it might be too expensive. Air Asiamust pay attention to this, not having its own MRO facility is a competitive disadvantage. Buyer’s PowerNowadays, buyers are much more informed and high-educated. That is why they are verysensitive to the price not matter the produc t or the service. Even if Air Asia always provides the lowest price to the costumer, they still will make a comparison between the different airlines. Besides it is veryeasy and costless for the customer to switch from one company to another one because many are offeringthe same service. Moreover Air Asia often gives a bad image to the costumers because of their chronicflight delays. People could choose for another company to be sure being on time. Substitutes and ComplimentsSometimes the consumer is not so much interested in the main product for some reasons. On thelow cost market, the main reason will be the price which he judges too expensive. Then he will look for substitutes. In the airline industry, we can meet two types of substitutes, the direct ones and the indirectones. If the customer is looking for transportation for a short distance, he can look for indirect substitutessuch as bus, train or ship. But travelling will take a longer time. He has to make a strategic choice between time and money. In Indonesia, the railroad industry is monopolized by PT. KAI so there is nocompetition.Regarding the bus and the ship, there are many companies so many choices. Some are the property of the government, some are private. If he is travelling on a longer distance, he will look for adirect substitute, that is to say other airlines. Teleconferencing and other type of business communicationsmay also be substitutes to air travel. Then they would affect the demand for airplanes. 3. 2 AirAsia Market Segments Market segmentation varies for each product but typically targets price oriented customers through their slogan â€Å"Now everyone can fly† Air Asia’s philosophy of low fares is aimed to make flying affordable for everyone.Air Asia also aims at making travel easy, convenient and fun for its guest. Full market coverage Products offered to customers cover all areas of a budget traveler. 3. 3 AirAsia 5 years Financial Highlights Appendix 4. 0 Reference s 1) History of AirAsia en. wikipedia. org/wiki/AirAsia 2) AirAsia’s vision, mission and objectives www. airasia. com/iwov†¦ /AirAsia/IR/AA%20Corporate%202007b. pdf 3) AirAsia value strategy announcements. bursamalaysia. com/†¦ /AIRASIA-†¦ 4) AirAsia business model en. wikipedia. org/wiki/No_frills 5) Competitive advantage www. academia. edu/†¦ AirAsia_The_Worlds_Lowest_Cost_Airline 6) Strategic directions http://www. scribd. com/doc/14214973/Air-Asia-Strategic-Analysis 7) Strategic assumptions http://www. iservices. ilokabenneth. com/research_proposal_AirAsia. html 8) SWOT analysis www. allfreepapers. com/Miscellaneous/Air-Asia/9363. html 9) 5 Forces model www. studymode. com/subjects/air-asia-porter's-five-forces-page1. html 10) AirAsia market segmentations www. scribd. com/doc/51874782/14/MARKET-SEGMENTS 11) AirAsia 5 years financial highlights www. airasia. com/my/en/about-us/ir-5-year-financial-highlights. page

Free Essays on Sartre - Huis Clos

Dans l’essai suivant, je rà ©sumerai l’histoire et caractà ©risai les personnages principaux de l’œuvre Huis Clos de Jean-Paul Sartre. J’ai choisi Huis Clos, parce que j’aime la philosophie existentialiste et l’à ©crivain en gà ©nà ©ral. Joseph Garcin : Garcin est le premier des protagonistes qui arrive dans l’enfer. Il s’à ©tonne de trouver une chambre tout fait  « normal  » avec des peintures du  « Second Empire  ». Il n’y a pas d’ instruments de la torture ou de feu qui sont les typique pour la description de l’enfer. Pendant l’œuvre, le lecteur apprends que Garcin a vit Rio de Janeiro au Brà ©sil, oà ¹ il a travaillà © pour un journal. Il a à ©tà © marià © avec une femme faible qui il traitait trà ¨s mauvais. Chaque nuit il est parti et s’amusait avec du vin et des femmes. Une nuit, il mà ªme prend une fille sa maison pendant que sa femme soit endormie d’en haut. Il essaie de justifier son propre comportement avec l’excuse que tous à ©tait le faut de sa femme. C’est ironique qu’il se retrouve avec Estelle et Inez, deux femmes qu’il ne s’intà ©resse pas ni l’une ni l’autre. Il est condamnà © de passer l’à ©ternità © avec deux femmes bien qu’il prà ©fà ¨re la compagnie des hommes. Cependant, il essaie d’impressionner Estelle et Inez en racontant qu’il à ©tait trà ¨s courageux et noble dans sa vie au monde. En rà ©alità ©, il à ©tait un là ¢che. Pendant la guerre, il a dà ©sertà © de la bataille et essayait s’à ©chapper au Mexique. Il a à ©tà © tuà © par douze coups de feu. De l’enfer, Garcin peut voir sa femme qui port des và ªtements noirs et le pleure. Il n’est pas affectà © par cela. En diffà ©rence, il est choquà © quand il entend Gomez et les autres qui l’appellent un là ¢che. Il essaie de convaincre les autres et soi-mà ªme qu’il soit devenu courageux et droit s’il avait permis vivre. En mà ªme temps, il veut qu’Inez lui dit qu’il n’est pas de là ¢che, mais elle ne le dit ... Free Essays on Sartre - Huis Clos Free Essays on Sartre - Huis Clos Dans l’essai suivant, je rà ©sumerai l’histoire et caractà ©risai les personnages principaux de l’œuvre Huis Clos de Jean-Paul Sartre. J’ai choisi Huis Clos, parce que j’aime la philosophie existentialiste et l’à ©crivain en gà ©nà ©ral. Joseph Garcin : Garcin est le premier des protagonistes qui arrive dans l’enfer. Il s’à ©tonne de trouver une chambre tout fait  « normal  » avec des peintures du  « Second Empire  ». Il n’y a pas d’ instruments de la torture ou de feu qui sont les typique pour la description de l’enfer. Pendant l’œuvre, le lecteur apprends que Garcin a vit Rio de Janeiro au Brà ©sil, oà ¹ il a travaillà © pour un journal. Il a à ©tà © marià © avec une femme faible qui il traitait trà ¨s mauvais. Chaque nuit il est parti et s’amusait avec du vin et des femmes. Une nuit, il mà ªme prend une fille sa maison pendant que sa femme soit endormie d’en haut. Il essaie de justifier son propre comportement avec l’excuse que tous à ©tait le faut de sa femme. C’est ironique qu’il se retrouve avec Estelle et Inez, deux femmes qu’il ne s’intà ©resse pas ni l’une ni l’autre. Il est condamnà © de passer l’à ©ternità © avec deux femmes bien qu’il prà ©fà ¨re la compagnie des hommes. Cependant, il essaie d’impressionner Estelle et Inez en racontant qu’il à ©tait trà ¨s courageux et noble dans sa vie au monde. En rà ©alità ©, il à ©tait un là ¢che. Pendant la guerre, il a dà ©sertà © de la bataille et essayait s’à ©chapper au Mexique. Il a à ©tà © tuà © par douze coups de feu. De l’enfer, Garcin peut voir sa femme qui port des và ªtements noirs et le pleure. Il n’est pas affectà © par cela. En diffà ©rence, il est choquà © quand il entend Gomez et les autres qui l’appellent un là ¢che. Il essaie de convaincre les autres et soi-mà ªme qu’il soit devenu courageux et droit s’il avait permis vivre. En mà ªme temps, il veut qu’Inez lui dit qu’il n’est pas de là ¢che, mais elle ne le dit ...

Antonym analogies

Antonym analogies Essay Antonyms have long been favourites of the readers of Word Ways, either as themselves (ODDEVEN) or in disguise. In the latter case, they may be hidden in other word pairs such as in FATETHINE, SHINSHOUT and BANDEDBORED where they occur at the beginnings, ends and in the middles of the word pairs respectively, the other letters remaining the same. In the August 1994 Kickshaws (page 169), Dave Morice listed 24 such word pairs in an item entitled Letter-Addition Opposites. Now I offer further examples and also extend the concept to include pairs of words in which the antonyms are split, appearing in 2 places in each of the two words, the other letters always remaining the same. My list includes both antonyms and near-antonyms. Most of them can be found in Chambers Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms ed. Martin H. Manser, 1993. Excluding certain proper names, most of the word pairs can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition. w2 = Websters Second Edition. Those examples which appear in WW94169 are asterisked*. EXCHANGING BEGINNINGS alls (also)nones alterationfixation askerteller (one who counts money) bagdeGoodge (a name) banelicensee barterletter bested (placed)worsted (a fine, smooth yarn) bindsfrees (frieze) boomed (what the foghorn did)slumped (in chair) bottomed (having;a bottom)toped (toppled or fell over) boyling (boiling)girling (a young salmon) breadwort (the knot grass)waterwort (plants of genus Elatine) breaker (a small keg or flaskon a boat)mender burdenerrider calmerdinner calmingwilding (a crab-apple tree or Michael) clearingfainting Cleary (a name)dully closelystartly (apt to start, jump) cometgot* coveredstriped dayly (dally)nightly divedsoard (sward) dressed striped Easterwester (windw2) ebber (manifest, unconcealed)flower emptyingfulling (the process of cleansing and thickening cloth by beating and washing) EXCHANGING ENDS Ada (a name)adzed (cut with an adze) farmfleg (a fright, scare) neart (be)nescience reblessrecurse (to recur) scentersedge scoldsheat (a pig under one year old) scoldswarm scool (school)swarm Adie (a name)alive undies (under garments)unlives (deprives of life) redress (reparation of a wrong)restrip (w2) bedrop (to drop upon, cover or wet with drops)behold pearlyplate* uneasyunhard (soft) miseasy (miserably)mistrying (trying wrongly) upend (to set something on its end)upstart (someone who has suddenly risen in importance) centercleave sevenslumpy seversnever (narrow) infall (material that falls or has fallen)inrise (to rise in opposition) forefeet (the front feet of a quadruped)forehands (shots in tennis) afind (to find out)alose (a fish) afoot (astir)ahead refreshretired unfriendlyunreserved (not put to one side) forgive (to pardon)fortake (to take away) shaveslack shere (share)sthere (steer = a young ox) chers (cheers)chis (fastidious) phot (a unit in physics = one lux maintained for one second)picy (a manoeuvre in piquet) sillswell* spinnerspouter cladclass landlady (runs a Bed and Breakfast)landman (a countryman, peasant) Roland (a name)rosea (plant species name) flaxfrigid underlay (for carpet)understood cleaveclinger sleave (sleeve)stake slendersower underlieunderstand overlieovertruth (a statement in excess of the truth) clingercrush sloath (sloth)swilling alose (a fish)awin (to win) slowstall blowerbraise slowersupper sloweststop Romanyroone (roan) remissreobserve ostomy (type of operation)ostoyour (soldier) smyth (smite v.; also a surname)struth (strewth) gnew (past tense of gnaw)gold snippyswarm doffdon* (themselves antonyms) Doverdunder (the dregs of cane juice used in the West Indies in the fermentation of rum) groovergrounder apeace (appease)Awar (a member of the people of the North Caucasus) repure (to purify again)revile (to use abusive language) squeer (squire)swell unrest (disturbance)unwork (to undo or detach from something) troughtwell (till) ALL POSSIBLE EXCHANGES The same pair of antonyms may occur in different places in different pairs of words, specifically at the beginning, the end or in the middle of words. Alternatively, the antonyms may be split and appear in two, corresponding, separate places in each word. Below, each different pair of antonyms appears in at least 3 of the 4 columns. READ: Irony in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart Things EssayADDITIONAL SPLITS Here are some more examples of split  antonym  exchanges: (a) Beginning and End chame (a fissure)whent (quaint) drey (a squirrels nest)weet (to know) easilytensile haleshale heardtrail loessMoore (a name) lousemauke (maggot) pumill (pommel)pumish (pumice) rinsesnag shafe (sheaf)wheak (a squeak or whine) weak in the sense of unguarded trender (a wool winder)trough theoremuores (journeys) treuce (truce)wear (b) Beginning and Middle flinder (to break into fiinders or pieces)sleeker fletcher (an arrow-maker)slender (c) Middle and End rantedroter (one who repeats by rote) minn (type of old Irish ornament)mount (d) Beginning, Middle and End Here is a 3-way split pair of antonyms (these and those): threstle (trestle)throstle (a thrush) ALTERNATIVE SPLITS The 2 words FARER (traveller) and NEARER offer a choice of 2 positions for the antonyms FAR and NEAR: FARERNEARER and FARERNEARER. There are, however, 2 words which go one stage further, offering a choice of 3 positions for the antonyms MAS (several mothers) and PAS (several fathers): MASSESPASSES MASSESPASSES MASSESPASSES Both the above examples owe their existence to the presence in the words of repeated letters, R and S respectively.

Module 1 Case MGT401 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 1 Case MGT401 - Essay Example This is so especially if he trust no one to take the position and lead it effectively. It is for reason that it was no surprise when he fired the CEO of Fiat and appointed himself the CEO. The CEO’s level of emotional stability is simply amazing. It is this emotional stability that has made him the great leader he is today as he does not let his emotions over the employee’s future if he fires them stand in his way and affect his decision making ability. Machionne is one highly intelligent man based on the fact that he was able to turn the company’s profitability around which was on the verge of collapse and did so within two years (2011 All-Stars: Sergio Marchionne, 2011). This is simply an impossible job for a simple-minded and unintelligent individual. The fact that he upholds integrity high is not only commendable but has protected his name and made it remains clear from any scandals involving integrity issues. It is his personality and high standards that make him uphold his integrity and abide by the rules at all times. Machionne is an analyst using logic to make his decisions. His abilities to strategize as well as be inventive and imaginative make him the perfect leader he is. He may not have an approachable personality but he still makes friends and is an excellent communicator. A task-oriented leader is one who focuses solely on the tasks that need to be performed and is in no way concerned about the people performing the tasks such as ensuring they are motivated or satisfied. This is the kind of behavioral approach that Machionne has adopted as he does not bother with his team and their general well-being but simply whether they have performed the tasks he assigns to them or not. This explains his lack of small talk with his employees and especially the executives and the occupation even over the weekend simply with work and no fun at all for the employees (Wernle, 2010). The greatest